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Food and drink: footnotes

1. This is taken from Bernard of Clairvaux’s rather exasperated letter to his nephew, Robert, who had left the rigorous Cistercian life to join the Black monks of Cluny, The Letters of Bernard of Clairvaux, ed. and tr. B. S. James, rev. edn., B. M. Kienzle (Stroud, 1998), ep. 1 (pp. 1-10, at p. 8). <back>
   
2. Les Ecclesiastica Officia Cisterciens du xii siecle, ed. D. Choisselet and P. Vernet (Reinigue, 1989), 73:9 (p. 216). <back>
   
3. Institutes, clause LII, in Narrative and Legislative Texts from Early Citeaux, ed. C. Waddell (Citeaux, 1999), p. 478. <back>
   
4. The twelfth-century customary, the Ecclesiastica Officia, mentions the distribution of 1 1/2 lbs of bread and a mixture of honey and milk for drink, see Lekai, Cistercians, p. 367. <back>
   
5. Institutes, clause XXV in Waddell, Narrative and Legislative Texts, p. 466; also see Ecclesiastica Officia 88:18 (p. 250). <back>
   
6. Institutes, clause XXV, in Waddell, Narrative and Legislative Texts, p. 466.<back>
   
7. Institutes, clause XXIV, in Waddell, Narrative and Legislative Texts, p. 466.<back>
   
8. Nobody was permitted to eat meat or lard within the enclosures of the granges except those who were gravely ill and hired workers, Institutes, clause XXIV in Waddell, Narrative and Legislative Texts, p. 466.<back>
   
9. 'Let everyone abstain altogether from the flesh of four-footed animals, except the very weak and the sick.'<back>
   
10. Sermon 66, cited in L. Lekai, The Cistercians: Ideals and Reality (Ohio, 1977), p. 368. <back>
11. Lekai, Cistercians, p. 370. <back>
12. Lekai, Cistercians, pp. 370-1. <back>

Cistercian Life Bibliography