Footnotes: Death and burial

1. From the Exordium Magnum II: 5, cited in B. McGuire, Friendship and Faith: Cistercian Men, Women and their Stories 1100-1250 (Aldershot, 2002), essay V, pp. 249-268, at p. 258.

2.In 1152 burial was permitted to sovereigns and prelates; in 1157 this was extended to founders and in 1217 to all who wished if they had the permission of their parish priest, Statuta capitulorum generalium ordinis Cisterciensis ab anno 1116 ad annum 1786, ed. J. Canivez (8 vols; Louvain, 1933-41), I, 1152: 10 (p. 47); 1157: 63 (p. 68); 1217: 3 (p. 465).

3. J. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors 1132-1300 (1987, Kalamazoo), pp. 263, 209.

4. The Coucher Book of the Cistercian Abbey of Kirkstall, ed. W. T. Lancaster and W. P. Baildon, Thoresby Society VIII (Leeds, 1904), pp. 200-1; p. 66.

5. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey, p. 225.

6. D. Williams, The Cistercians in the Early Middle Ages (Leominster, 1998), p. 133.

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7. Williams, Cistercians in the Early Middle Ages, p. 135.

8. Canivez, Statutes I: 1191: 78 (p. 145).

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9. Walter Daniel, Vita Aelredi, The Life of Aelred of Rievaulx, ed. and tr. F. M. Powicke (Oxford, 1950), pp. 59-64.

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10. Ecclesiastica Officia ch. 116 (pp. 326-8).

11. References to lay practitioners as witnesses in charters imply that medics were occasionally called in to minister to the community. For examples, see C. Talbot and E. A. Hammond, A Biographical Register of the Medical Practitioners in England (London, 1965), pp. 50, 71, 200 (Kirkstall); pp. 2, 241, 272, 326 (Fountains); pp. 1, 23, 50 (Rievaulx).

12. D. Bell, ‘The English Cistercians and the practice of medicine’ , Cîteaux 40 (1989), pp. 139-73, at p. 152.

13. See Bell, ‘English Cistercians and medicine’ , pp. 153-7.

14. Jesus College Cambridge MS (see M. Cassidy-Welch, Monastic Spaces and their Meanings (Turnhout, 2001), pp. 157-8).

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Cistercian Life Bibliography