68. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors, pp. 158, 269.
69. See Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors, pp. 16, 22-3.
70. Stephen of Lexington, Letters from Ireland 1228-9, tr. and intro. B. W. O’Dwyer
(Kalamazoo, 1982), letter 59, pp. 116-120. This was an order rather than a request,
and Brother S was threatened with suspension from the Divine Office should he
delay for more than three days.
71. Oxford, Ruins of Fountains, p. 227.
72. Jennings, Yorkshire Monasteries, p. 89.
73. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors, p. 17, n. 57; C. Graves, ‘The
economic activities of the Cistercians in England 1128-1307’, Analecta
Cisterciensia
13 (1957), pp. 3-62 at p. 40.
74. C. Madden, ‘Business monks, banker monks, bankrupt monks: the English
Cistercians
in the thirteenth century’, The Catholic History Review 49 (1963), pp.
341-364, at p. 353.
75. Letters from Ireland, ep. 8 (p. 27), 13 (p. 32), 65 (p. 129); 7 (p. 26).
76. See Stephen of Lexington’s letter to the abbot of Cîteaux, Letters
from Ireland, ep. 24 (pp. 55-61, at p. 58).
77. Oxford, Ruins of Fountains, pp. 229-230.
78. Freeman, Narratives of a New Order, p. 156.
79. G. Coppack, Fountains Abbey (London, 1993) p. 78.
80. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors, p. 24.
81. Memorials of the Abbey of St Mary of Fountains I, ed. J. R. Walbran, Surtees
Society 42 (1862), no. xxii, pp. 180-181; for the archbishop’s two previous
letters to Clairvaux, in 1290, see nos. xx and xxi.
82. Memorials of Fountains I, p. 143. Whereas in 1318 the abbot was to arm all
men between 20 and 60 years old, in 1321/22 the age was lowered to 16 years;
in 1322
he was also instructed to raise men to resist the earl of Lancaster and fellow
rebels who had besieged Tickhill Castle, near Roche Abbey in Maltby.
83. For a list of the prelates and nobles who were summoned to this meeting of
parliament,
see Calendar of Close Rolls Henry III 1264-8, pp. 84-7.
84. For these and other calls to parliament, see Memorials of Fountains I, p.
140.
85. Memorials of Fountains I, p. 138.
86. Memorials of Fountains I, p. 141.
87. Register Greenfield IV, Surtees Soc. 152 (1937), no. 2352 (p. 364). For further
details see vol. V, pp. xxxvii ff.
88. Register Greenfield V, Surtees Soc. 153 (1938), no. 2354 (pp. 1-5 at p. 1);
see
also p. xxxix.
89. For a detailed account of these, see E. F. Jacob, ‘The disputed election
at Fountains 1410-1416’, in Medieval Studies Presented to Rose Graham (Oxford,
1950), pp. 78-97; see Chronica Monasterii de Melsa I, ed. E. A. Bond (London,
1866), PAGE and Monastic Chancery Proceedings, ed. J. S. Purvis, YAS Rec. Ser.
LXXXVIII, no 80 (pp. 87-8).
90. Monastic Chancery Proceedings, ed. J. S. Purvis, Yorkshire Archaeological
Soc.
Rec. Ser. 88 (1934), no. 80 (pp. 87-88).
91. For an account of this disputed election and the litigation that followed,
see Chronica Monasterii de Melsa I, for an account of this, see pp. lxii-lxx;
III,
pp. 239-240, 258-271.
92. Cited in Jacob, ‘The disputed election’, pp. 81-2; for details
regarding
Swan, see pp. 80-1.
93. See Jacob, ‘The disputed election’, pp. 80 ff. The manuscript
is
now held in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Arch. Seld. B.23.
94. For various documents relating to this feud, see Memorials of Fountains I,
pp.
208-214.
95. ‘Chronicle of the abbots’, printed as appendix II in Oxford,
Ruins of Fountains, p. 243.
