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Primary sources

Aelred of Rievaulx: The Mirror of Charity, tr. E. Connor (Kalamazoo, 1990), II 17: 43 (p. 194); for the Latin see Speculum Caritatis, I: 17; PL cxcv, cols. 562-3.

Bernard of Clairvaux, The Letters of St Bernard of Clairvaux, tr. B. S. James, rev. B. Kienzle (Stroud, 1998), ep. 151 (pp. 219-221).

Les Ecclesiastica Officia Cisterciens du xii siecle, ed. D. Choisselet and P. Vernet (Reinigue, 1989).

Gerald of Wales, The Journey through Wales / Description of Wales, tr. L. Thorpe (Harmondsworth, 1978).

Idungus of Prüfung, Cistercians and Cluniacs: the Case for Cîteaux [A Dialogue between Two Monks; an Argument on Four Questions], ed. and tr. J. O’Sullivan and J. Leahey (Kalamazoo, 1977).

Nigel Wireker, Mirror for Fools: The Book of Burnel the Ass, tr. J. H. Mozley (Oxford, 1961).

Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, ed. and tr. M. Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 1969-80).

Patralogia Cursus Completus Series Latina, ed J. P. Migne (221 vols., Paris, 1844-65), CLXXXIX, col. 112 ff (Petrus Venerabilis, Epistolarum libri sex (XXVIII); cited in F. Mullin, A History of the Cistercians in Yorkshire (Washington, 1932).

Peter the Venerable, The Letters of Peter the Venerable, ed. G. Constable (2 vols., Cambridge Mass., 1967), I, ep. 28.

Statuta Capitulorum Generalium Ordinis ab anno 1116 ad anno 1786, ed. J. M. Canivez, 8 vols (Louvain, 1933-41).

Usus Conversorum, Cistercian Lay-Brothers: Twelfth-Century Usages with Related Texts, C. Waddell (Brecht, 2000).

Walter Daniel, Vita Aelredi, The Life of Aelred of Rievaulx, ed. and tr. F. M. Powicke (Edinburgh, 1978).

Walter Map, De Nugis Curialium, ed. and tr. M. R. James, rev. C. N. L. Brooke and R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1983).

William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, The History of the English Kings, ed. and tr. R. A. B. Mynors, R. M. Thomson and M. Winterbottom (2 vols., Oxford, 1998-9).

Secondary sources

Constable, G., The Reformation of the Twelfth Century (Cambridge, 1996).

Donnelly, J. S., «Changes in the grange economy of English and Welsh abbeys 1300-1540¡, Traditio 10 (1954) pp. 399-458.

Waddell, C., ‘Towards a new provisional edition of the Statutes of the Cistercian General Chapter, c. 1119-1198’ , in Studiosorum Speculum: Studies in Honour of Louis J. Lekai, ed. F. R. Swietek and J. Sommerfeldt (Kalamazoo, 1993), pp. 384-419.