1. Memorials of Fountains I, no.
LXXXVIII, pp. 307-309, p. 310. 'Pondgarth' lay within the close
of pasture known as East Apple Garth.
2. Williams, Cistercians in the Early Middle Ages, p. 365.
3. Memorials of Fountains III, p. xxviii.
4. Memorials of Fountains III, p. 46.
5. Coppack, Fountains Abbey p. 115.
6. Coppack, Fountains Abbey, pp. 114-115; Bond, Monastic
Landscapes,
p. 208.
7. Bond, Monastic Landscapes p. 205.
8. J. McDonnell, Inland Fisheries in Medieval Yorkshire 1066-1300,
Borthwick Papers 60 (York, 1981), p. 16.
9. For an analysis of Cayton grange and fish farming there, see
E. Dent, 'The impact of Fountains Abbey on Nidderdale', BA dissertation,
University College Ripon and York, 1995, available on the web at:
http://www.nidderdale.org/history/monastic/dissertation. For a detailed
discussion of monastic fish-farming in Yorkshire, see J. McDonnell,
Inland Fisheries in Medieval Yorkshire 1066-1300, Borthwick
Papers 60 (York, 1981).
10. McDonnell, Inland Fisheries, p.16.
11. Coppack, Fountains Abbey, p. 113; Bond, Monastic Landscapes,
p. 189.
12. Bond, Monastic Landscapes, p. 194.
13. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors, p. 110. This grant
may have been secured during the abbacy of William of Newminster
(1180-90), who had at one time been a canon of Guisborough.
14. Wardrop, Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors, p. 167, pp. 258-9;
the community's rights here were challenged in 1229, but the agreement
permitted them to retain two fisheries here and have rights of access,
whilst safeguarding the customary rights of the fishermen of Coatham.
15. Memorials of Fountains III, p. 16 [31].
16. J. Burton, 'The estates and economy of Rievaulx Abbey', Cîteaux
49 (1998), pp. 29-93, at p. 57.
17. Burton, Monastic Order in Yorkshire, p. 232.
18. J. McDonnell, Inland Fisheries in Medieval Yorkshire, Borthwick
Papers 60 (York, 1981), p. 16.
19. BL Stowe Ch., 483.
20. J. Bond, 'Production and consumption of food and drink in the
medieval monastery', in Monastic Archaeology, ed. G. Keevill,
M. Aston and T. Hall (Oxford, 2001), pp. 54-87, at p. 74. The following
survey is based on McDonell's analysis, in his 'Inland fisheries',
and J. McDonnell, M. R. Everest, 'The waterworks of Byland Abbey',
Ryedale Historian 1 (1965), pp. 32-39.
21. McDonnell, 'Inland fisheries', p. 33.
22. McDonnell, 'Inland fisheries', p. 12.
23. For further discussion, see also Everest and McDonnell, 'The
waterworks of Byland Abbey'; J. McDonnell and G. W. Goodall, 'More
about Byland Abbey fishponds', Ryedale Historian 7 (1974), pp. 75-76;
R. Kemp, 'A fishkeeper's store at Byland Abbey', Ryedale Historian
12 (1984), pp. 44-51.
24. For an extensive examination of water management at monastic
sites, with reference to Fountains, see C. J. Bond, 'Water management
in the rural monastery', in The Archaeology of Rural Monasteries,
ed R. Gilchrist and H. Mytum, (British Arch. Reports, Oxford, British
Series 227; 1989), pp. 83-111, and J. Bond, 'Monastic water management
in Great Britain: a review', in Monastic Archaeology, ed G. Keevil,
M. Aston and T. Hall (Oxford, 2001), pp. 88-136.
25. Coppack, Fountains Abbey, p. 120; Bond, 'Monastic water management',
pp. 91, 93; Bond, 'Monastic water management in Great Britain: a
review', p. 93.
26. Bond, 'Water management in the rural monastery', pp. 91-96.
27. Bond, 'Water management in the rural monastery', pp. 95-96.
28. G. Coppack, 'The water-driven corn mill at Fountains Abbey:
a major Cistercian mill of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries',
in Studies in Cistercian Art and Architecture 5, ed. M. Parsons
Lillich, Cistercians Studies Series no. 167 (Kalamazoo, 1998), pp.
270-296.
29. Bond, Monastic Landscapes, p. 318.
30. Bond, Monastic Landscapes, p. 319.
31. Bond, Monastic Landscapes, p. 323.
32. For this, and what follows, see J. McDonnell, Inland Fisheries,
pp. 24 ff.; Bond, Monastic Landscapes, pp. 199-200; J. McDonnell
and M. R. Everest, 'The waterworks of Byland Abbey', Ryedale
Historian 1 (1965), pp. 32-39.
33. McDonnell and Everest, 'The waterworks of Byland Abbey', p.
35.
34. Bond, Monastic Landscapes,p. 74.
35. A History of Nidderdale, ed. B. Jennings (Huddersfield, 1967),
pp. 63-4, 66, 77.
36. A History of Lead Mining in the Pennines, ed. A. Raistrick and
B. Jennings (London, 1965), pp. 35-36.
