The reformed house of Cluny, Burgundy, was a
product of the tenth-century monastic reform movement and came to
dominate monasticism in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Cluny
founded new houses and also reformed existing Benedictine communities;
it effectively formed a separate order within the Benedictine Order
(i.e. it functioned as a sub-set of the Benedictines). The Golden
Age of Cluny faded during the eleventh century, when it was criticised
for its excessive liturgy and for amassing excessive wealth. The
Cistercians, who emerged at this time, stood against the indulgences
and excesses of Cluny; a war of polemics developed between the White
Monks and the Black Monks of Cluny.